白粉虱 Whitefly

分类	中文	English
成虫 Adult	体长约1mm，全体被有白色蜡粉，体形狭长，呈黄白色。翅平展，覆盖于体背。	Body length about 1 mm, covered with white wax powder. Slender body, yellowish-white in color. Wings are held flat, covering the dorsum.
卵 Eggs	梨形，初产时淡黄色，孵化前变为暗褐色。常产于叶背。	Pear-shaped, pale yellow when freshly laid, turning dark brown before hatching. Usually deposited on the underside of leaves.
若虫 Nymphs	初孵若虫能爬行，随即固定在叶背刺吸汁液；后期若虫扁平、椭圆，蜡质覆盖，形似小鱼鳞。	Newly hatched nymphs can crawl but soon settle on the underside of leaves to feed. Later instars are flat, oval, wax-covered, resembling small fish scales.
蛹 Pupae (Red-eye stage)	静止不动，体表具蜡质分泌物，红眼蛹期可见两只明显的红眼点。	Immobile stage with waxy secretion. In the red-eye pupal stage, two distinct red eye spots are visible.

中文	English
白粉虱繁殖力强，世代重叠明显，在温室或暖区全年均可繁殖。	B. tabaci has strong reproductive capacity, with overlapping generations, and can breed year-round in greenhouses or warm regions.
雌成虫寿命约10–30天，单雌产卵80–300粒。	Female adults live 10–30 days, laying 80–300 eggs each.
卵期4–7天，若虫期15–30天，整个世代约20–40天完成。	Egg stage lasts 4–7 days, nymphal stage 15–30 days, with a full generation completed in 20–40 days.
白粉虱可通过孤雌生殖繁殖，未受精卵孵化为雄虫。	Reproduction may be parthenogenetic; unfertilized eggs develop into males.

中文	English
白粉虱在温暖干燥环境下易暴发，温室、大棚及保护地内发生严重。	Outbreaks occur easily in warm and dry environments; greenhouses and protected fields are most affected.
一般在春季开始发生，夏季为害加重，秋季高温干旱年份尤为猖獗。	Infestations start in spring, intensify in summer, and become most severe in hot, dry autumns.
在露地冬季可在杂草上越冬，在温室则全年繁殖不断。	Overwinters on weeds in open fields, but reproduces year-round in greenhouses.

中文	English
成虫多栖息于叶背，受惊后易飞起但不飞远。	Adults prefer the underside of leaves; when disturbed, they fly up but not far.
若虫及蛹期固着于叶背，刺吸汁液，导致叶片失绿、卷曲、早落。	Nymphs and pupae are sessile on the underside of leaves, sucking sap, causing leaf chlorosis, curling, and premature drop.
排泄蜜露，引起煤污病，影响光合作用。	Excrete honeydew, which promotes sooty mold growth and interferes with photosynthesis.
白粉虱还是多种病毒病的重要传播者。	Also an important vector of many plant viruses.