潜叶蝇 Leaf Miners

分类	中文	English
成虫 Adult	成虫体长约1.0–3.0 mm，体色常为黑色或暗灰黄，头小，复眼明显，具一对透明翅，活动敏捷且能短程飞行。	Adults are small flies about 1.0–3.0 mm long, usually black or dark gray-yellow, with prominent compound eyes and a pair of clear wings; active and capable of short flights.
卵 Eggs	卵短棒形或卵形，常由雌蝇产入或插入叶片表皮与叶肉之间（叶内），肉眼不易察觉，产量视种群与环境而定。	Eggs are short-rod or oval, typically deposited or inserted by females into the leaf epidermis/mesophyll (within the leaf) and are difficult to see with the naked eye; clutch size varies with species and conditions.
幼虫 Larvae (maggots)	幼虫无足、黄白色至乳白色，生活在叶肉内钻食，形成蛇形或斑片状“潜道”（mines），随取食而扩大。	Larvae are legless, yellowish-white to whitish maggots that feed within the leaf mesophyll, creating serpentine or blotch mines which expand as they feed.
蛹 Pupae	若虫离开叶片后多在土壤或枯叶表面化蛹（也有种在叶片近端化蛹），蛹期时不取食，持续期随温度变化。	After feeding, larvae typically exit the leaf and pupate in soil or on debris/leaf surfaces (some species pupate near the end of the mine). Pupae are non-feeding and pupal duration depends on temperature.

生长繁殖 / Growth & Reproduction

中文	English
潜叶蝇繁殖速度快、世代重叠。雌蝇在叶片上刺吸并产卵，卵在温暖条件下常于2–7天孵化；幼虫在叶内取食约5–14天，随后离出叶片化蛹，蛹期约7–14天；整个世代在适温下可在2–5周内完成，温室或热带条件下可年多代发生。	Leaf miners reproduce rapidly with overlapping generations. Females puncture foliage to feed and insert eggs; eggs commonly hatch in ~2–7 days under warm conditions. Larvae feed within leaves for ~5–14 days, then exit to pupate; pupal stage lasts ~7–14 days. A full generation can complete in ~2–5 weeks depending on temperature, and multiple generations occur annually in greenhouses/tropics.

中文

English

潜叶蝇繁殖速度快、世代重叠。雌蝇在叶片上刺吸并产卵，卵在温暖条件下常于2–7天孵化；幼虫在叶内取食约5–14天，随后离出叶片化蛹，蛹期约7–14天；整个世代在适温下可在2–5周内完成，温室或热带条件下可年多代发生。

Leaf miners reproduce rapidly with overlapping generations. Females puncture foliage to feed and insert eggs; eggs commonly hatch in ~2–7 days under warm conditions. Larvae feed within leaves for ~5–14 days, then exit to pupate; pupal stage lasts ~7–14 days. A full generation can complete in ~2–5 weeks depending on temperature, and multiple generations occur annually in greenhouses/tropics.

种群消长 / Population Dynamics

中文	English
种群随季节与栽培条件波动：温暖季节与设施栽培（温室、大棚）利于种群快速增长，果蔬丰产期或连作地块常出现高密度发生；强降雨、低温或不利气候会抑制其发展。连作、宿主丰富或频繁使用广谱杀虫剂（破坏天敌）常导致反弹或二次爆发。	Populations vary with season and cultivation: warm seasons and protected culture (greenhouses) favor rapid build-up. Host-rich periods or continuous cropping often see high densities. Heavy rain, low temperature, or unfavorable climate suppress development. Continuous host availability and repeated use of broad-spectrum insecticides (which disrupt natural enemies) can cause outbreaks or resurgences.

中文

English

种群随季节与栽培条件波动：温暖季节与设施栽培（温室、大棚）利于种群快速增长，果蔬丰产期或连作地块常出现高密度发生；强降雨、低温或不利气候会抑制其发展。连作、宿主丰富或频繁使用广谱杀虫剂（破坏天敌）常导致反弹或二次爆发。

Populations vary with season and cultivation: warm seasons and protected culture (greenhouses) favor rapid build-up. Host-rich periods or continuous cropping often see high densities. Heavy rain, low temperature, or unfavorable climate suppress development. Continuous host availability and repeated use of broad-spectrum insecticides (which disrupt natural enemies) can cause outbreaks or resurgences.

生活习性 / Habits

中文	English
成虫在叶面、叶缘停留并用口针刺吸吸食，雌蝇在取食间或之后产卵。幼虫在叶内钻食形成典型蛇形或斑片状潜道，早期伤痕为细线，晚期可扩展为大片透明或银白色斑块，影响叶片光合与植株生长。幼虫取食期受保护，不易被触及，成虫能飞散扩散到邻近作物。	Adults feed and probe on leaf surfaces, and females lay eggs during or after feeding. Larvae mine within leaves, forming characteristic serpentine or blotch mines—initially narrow lines, later expanding into translucent or silvery blotches that reduce photosynthesis and plant vigor. Larval stage is concealed and hard to reach; adults can disperse to nearby crops.