红蜘蛛 Spider Mites

分类	中文	English
雌成虫 Female Adult	体长0.28-0.52mm，每100头约2.73mg，体红至紫红色（部分近黑色），体两侧各有倒“山”字形黑斑，体末端圆，卵圆形。	Body length 0.28–0.52 mm, about 2.73 mg per 100 individuals. Red to purplish-red (some nearly black), with an inverted “mountain”-shaped black spot on each side. Posterior end rounded, oval-shaped.
雄成虫 Male Adult	体色常为绿色或橙黄色，体型较雌螨略小，体后部尖削。	Usually green or orange-yellow, slightly smaller than the female, with a pointed posterior body.
卵 Eggs	圆形，初产乳白色，后期呈乳黄色，产于丝网上。	Spherical, initially milky white, later creamy yellow, laid on silken webs.

中文	English
在北方，朱砂叶螨一年可发生约20代。授精雌螨在土块下、杂草根、落叶中越冬，3月下旬出蛰。先在田边杂草上繁殖1-2代，再迁入菜田。	In northern regions, T. cinnabarinus completes about 20 generations annually. Fertilized females overwinter under soil clods, weed roots, or fallen leaves, and emerge in late March. They reproduce 1–2 generations on weeds before migrating to vegetable fields.
产卵前期1天，单雌产卵量50-110粒。寿命：6月22天，7月19天，9-10月29天。卵发育：24℃需3-4天，29℃需2-3天；幼若期6-7月为5-6天。	Pre-oviposition period lasts 1 day, with 50–110 eggs per female. Adult longevity: 22 days in June, 19 days in July, 29 days in Sept–Oct. Egg development: 3–4 days at 24 °C, 2–3 days at 29 °C; larval-nymphal stage: 5–6 days in June–July.
授精卵孵化为雌虫，不授精卵为雄虫。	Fertilized eggs produce females; unfertilized eggs produce males.

中文	English
种群呈马鞍形变化。5月难见，6月逐渐增多；7月为全年猖獗期，中下旬达峰值。	Populations follow a saddle-shaped trend. Rarely seen in May, increase in June, peak in July, with the highest density in mid-to-late July.
7月底-8月初因高温数量骤降，8月中下旬维持低水平，不再造成严重危害，持续至秋季。	By late July–early August, numbers decline rapidly due to high temperatures. From mid-August onward, populations remain at low levels and cause little damage.
秋季逐渐迁入杂草，11月上旬越冬。	In autumn, they migrate to weeds at ground level and overwinter in early November.
低温年份发生晚，7月后猖獗，危害延长；高温年份6月上旬即可进入盛期，7月中下旬结束。	In cooler years, outbreaks occur later (after July) and last longer; in warmer years, peaks start in early June and end by mid-to-late July.

中文	English
幼螨和前期若螨活动少；后期若螨活泼贪食，具向上爬习性。先为害下部叶片，再向上扩展。	Early larvae and nymphs are less active; later nymphs are active and voracious, tending to climb upward. Damage starts on lower leaves and spreads upward.
数量多时，叶端成团，滚落地面，随风扩散。	At high density, mites cluster at leaf tips, drop to the ground, and spread with the wind.
发育起点温度7.7–8.5℃，最适温度25–30℃，适湿度35–55%。	Development starts at 7.7–8.5 °C, with optimum at 25–30 °C and relative humidity 35–55%.
高温低湿（6–7月）危害重，干旱年份更易暴发；30℃以上或湿度>70%不利繁殖，暴雨可抑制。	Hot and dry conditions in June–July favor outbreaks, especially in drought years; above 30 °C or RH >70% reduces reproduction, and heavy rain suppresses populations.